Noneconomic Damages Reform

Problem

The broad and basically unguided discretion given juries in awarding damages for noneconomic loss is the single greatest contributor to the inequities and inefficiencies of the tort liability system.  It is a difficult issue to address objectively because of the emotions involved in cases of serious injury and because of the financial interests of plaintiffs’ lawyers. 

ATRA's Position:

ATRA supports a $250,000 limit on the award of noneconomic damages.


Opposition Opinion:

The personal injury bar’s argument against limiting noneconomic damages – that a jury’s award of noneconomic damages should not be reduced to an amount determined by legislators because a jury can determine on a case-by-case basis to what extent to compensate a plaintiff for harm suffered – fails to address the difference between noneconomic damages and economic damages, and fails to take into account the intangibility of noneconomic damages awards.  A limit on noneconomic damages limits the amount a plaintiff can recover for pain and suffering, emotional distress, loss of consortium or companionship, and other intangible injuries for which it is difficult to assign a dollar amount.  Such a limit does not affect the amount a plaintiff can recover for economic damages, which include past and future medical bills, expected lost wages, and other tangible damages.    

Noneconomic Damages Reform- H.B. 2128 (2011), 23 Okl. St. § 61.2:

Oklahoma|2011

Reduces the limit on the amount of noneconomic damages that

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Reduces the limit on the amount of noneconomic damages that may be awarded for noneconomic loss arising from a claim of bodily injury from $400,000 to $350,000.  Does not impact damages such as lost wages, medical expenses and future loss of expected wages, and lays out exceptions to the limit in case of gross negligence, reckless disregard, intentional actions, or malicious conduct.  Eliminates the establishment of the Health Care Indemnity Fund.


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Noneconomic Damages Reform: HB 1603 (2009)

Oklahoma|2009

Provides that in any civil action arising from a claimed

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Provides that in any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which a trier of fact may award a plaintiff for noneconomic loss shall not exceed $400,000, except under certain circumstances.


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Challenged and Struck Down

Held unconstitutional by the Oklahoma Supreme Court in Douglas v. Cox Retirement Properties, June 2013.

Noneconomic Damages Reform: H.B. 2661 (2004).

Oklahoma|2004

Limits noneconomic damages to $300,000 in medical liability cases provided

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Limits noneconomic damages to $300,000 in medical liability cases provided the defendant made an offer of judgment and the amount of the verdict is less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment.  Indexed the limit to inflation.  Non-economic damages do not include, by definition, exemplary damages.  Limit on noneconomic damages may be lifted if nine or more members of the jury find by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant committed negligence or if nine or more members of the jury find by a preponderance of the evidence that the conduct of the defendant was willful or wanton.  Provides, however, that the judge must, before submitting such determination to the jury, make a threshold determination that there is evidence from which the jury could reasonably make the findings set forth in the case.  Provides that if the jury returns a verdict that is greater than $300,000 but less than one-and-a-half times the amount of the final offer of judgment, the court shall submit additional forms of possible verdicts to the jury covering possible determinations of negligence and/or willful and wanton conduct.  Provided that limits do not apply to wrongful death action.  Provisions of this section sunsets on November 1, 2010


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